Securities Report 有价证券报告书
Annual Report 年度报告书

＂10-K＂或者＂Form 10-K＂
就是有价证券报告书

■10-K（英文名：Form 10-K）
年次報告書

■10-Q
四半期報告書

■8-K
临时报告书（当有重大事件的时候提出的书类。）
臨時報告書（重大な事象が発生した場合に提出される）

■20-F
外国企业的年度报告书
外国企業の年次報告書

■S-1, S-2, S-3（这个还没见到过，暂且保留。）
登録届出書（S-2は組込方式、S-3は参照方式に相当）

SEC
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
美国证券交易委员会

一段来自维基百科的描述：
A Form 10-K is an annual report required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), that gives a comprehensive summary of a public company’s performance. Although similarly named, the annual report on Form 10-K is distinct from the often glossy “annual report to shareholders,” which a company must send to its shareholders when it holds an annual meeting to elect directors (though some companies combine the annual report and the 10-K into one document). The 10-K includes information such as company history, organizational structure, executive compensation, equity, subsidiaries, and audited financial statements, among other information.